78 THE SAND STRAND FLOBA 



VIOIACEAE. 

 Viola armaria DC. 

 Perennial rootstoek; stems tufted, spreading, 5 — 15 cm. long, finely 

 puberulent; leaves ovate, crenulate, obtuse, somewhat thick; petioles 

 long; stipules incised; flowers violet. 



Sandy shores of Europe and Eastern America, but goes also inland. 



V. tricolor L. 

 Annual herb, distributed over Europe and Northern Asia, and is 

 introduced to America. Often found on coastal sand formations, al- 

 though an inland plant. 



PITTOSPORBAB. 



Bursaria spinosa Cav. 



Shrub, very bushy, somewhat thorny, glabrous; leaves clustered, 

 obovate, obtuse, 1 — 3 cm. long, narrowed at base, petiolate, green on 

 both sides. 



On the coasts of Tasmania and Australia, from Queensland to South 

 Australia (St. Vincent's Gulf), but also found in the interior. A 

 variety incana Lindl. is hoary in its young stages, and the under side 

 of leaves are always tomentose. This form is found in West Australia 

 and in the tropical parts of that continent. 



Pittosporum crassifolium A. Cunn. and P. umbellatum Banks et Sol. 

 are two littoral shrubs occurring on North Island of New Zealand, but 

 are not confined to sand formations. 



ERANKENIACEAE. 

 Frarikenia grandiflora C. et S'. 



Perennial herb, erect or diffuse, slightly suffrutescent, 20 — 35 cm. 

 high, smooth or somewhat pubescent; leaves entire, obovate, 1 — 2 cm. 

 long, with revolute margins, sessile or short-petiolate, fascicled in the 

 axils, the opposite pair mostly united by a somewhat membranaceous 

 sheathing base. 



Common especially on the marshes of the California sea shore, but 

 spreads into Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico, preferring saline soil. 



A shrubby F. pauciflora DC. is common on the sandy shores of 

 Tasmania, West Australia, South Australia, and Victoria, but occurs 

 also in the interior deserts. 



