OF MARINE COASTS. 131 



Z. nana Both. 

 Submerged marine plant, with creeping rhizome, emitting short 

 stems; leaves narrow-linear, grass-like, 3 — 6 dm. long, notched at the 

 end, base narrow and sheathing. 



Coasts of Europe, South Africa, Japan, New Zealand, Tasmania, and 

 on the southern coasts of Australia. 



RESTIACEAB. 

 Leptocarpus simplex A. Eich. 

 In swamps and swampy saline stations, and also frequently on dunes, 

 in New Zealand. 



CYPERACEAE. 

 Carex arenaria L. 

 Perennial, with creeping rootstock, emitting small tufts, 7 — 40 cm. 

 high, leafy at base; culms erect, slender, slightly scabrous above; leaves 

 very long, pointed. 



Marine sands of Europe, Western Asia, and Virginia, where ad- 

 ventive from Europe (Britton & Brown). 



C. distans L. 



Stems 25 — 40 cm. high, tufted, obtusely angled, smooth; leaves short, 

 narrow, rigid; margins scabrous. 



Common on sea coasts of Europe and Western Asia, occurring from 

 Mediterranean to Scandinavia. 



C. extensa Gooden. 

 Perennial, tufted, slender, 3 — 6 dm. high; leaves narrow, stiff, erect, 

 often convolute. 



On marine coasts of Europe from Mediterranean to the Baltic. 



C. halophila F. Nyl. 

 Stems obtusely angled, slender, 3 — 5 dm. high; leaves broad, of 

 yellowish-green color. 



Sea shores of northern part of Gulf of Bothnia. 



C. Hookeriana Dewey. 



Perennial, with creeping rootstock, clothed with imbricated, nerved, 

 purplish scales; stems 10 — 30 cm. high, sharply angled, scabrous; leaves 

 shorter than stem. 



Sand dunes on coast of California. Also in interior of North 

 America and Europe. 



