OP MARINE COASTS. 



Scirpus a/mericanus Pers. 



Perennial ; stem 3 — 6 dm. high, slender, triangular, continued as 

 an entire pungent involucre 4 — 10 cm. beyond the inflorescence. 



In moist places and brackish lagoons between dunes on Californian 

 coast. Also in interior of North America. 



8. frondosus Banks & Sol. 

 Cockayne says *) of this species : "The most characteristic plant of 

 the whole New Zealand area. It can form settlements and hold its own 

 positions where no other New Zealand flowering-plant can exist, and 

 only the most constant and furious winds can destroy a dune where it 

 is properly established. Indeed, for sandbinding power it is probably 

 not equalled either by Ammophila arenaria or by Elymus arenarius." 



8. maritimus L. 



Perennial, with creeping rhizome, often thickened into hard tubers; 

 stem 3 — 10 dm. high, triangular, smooth ; leaves often longer than stems. 



Common in tropical and temperate countries. In Australia from 

 Queensland to Western Australia, especially frequent on coastal sands. 



8. nodosus Pottb. 



Creeping rhizome; stems rigid, rush-like, terete or slightly flattened, 

 3 — 10 dm. high, leafless, except the sheathing scales at the base. 



In South Africa, extratropical South America, several Oceanic Is- 

 lands, New Zealand, and Australia, from east to west along the coast. 



8. rufus (Huds.) Schrad. 



Perennial, with slender rootstock; culms tufted, smooth, slender, 

 erect, compressed, 7 — 30 cm. high; leaves terete, smooth, channeled, the 

 lowest sheathing. 



In Northern Europe and Canada,. seldom, however, on sand. 



8. pungens Vahl. 

 Perennial, with creeping rhizome; stem slender, 3 — 9 dm. high, 

 acutely triangular; leaves few, 1 or 2 sheathing. 



Western part of Mediterranean, extratropical North and South 

 America, New Zealand, and Australia. 



GRAMINBAB. 

 Agropyron arenicolum Davy 

 is a maritime dune grass found at Point Eeyes in California. 



1) 1. c. p. 261. 



