OF MARINE COASTS. 135 



Northern Africa, both on the coast and inland. A. pungens Desf. 

 is another grass from Northern Africa, which not infrequently is planted 

 on sand dunes on the coasts of Mediterranean. 



Arundo conspicua Forst. 

 Abundant on sand dunes of New Zealand, but also distributed inland. 



Avena praecox P. B. 

 Slender annual, densely tufted, 7 — 15 cm. high; leaves short. 

 Coastal and inland sands, Central and Southern Europe. 



Calamagrostis epigea Eoth. 

 Perennial, with creeping rootstoek; stems 10 — 13 dm. high, erect, 

 firm; leaves long, narrow, somewhat glaucous. 



Widely dispersed over Europe and Western Asia. Not confined to 

 coastal sands. 



Gorynephorus canescens Bernh. 

 Small tufted perennial, 10 — 15 cm high; leaves fine, convolute. 

 Sand formations of Southern and Central Europe, eastward to Cau- 

 casus and northward to Southern Sweden. In Norfolk and Suffolk, 

 England, on sea shores. 



Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 

 Perennial grass, with prostrate, creeping and rooting stems, some- 

 times very long, covered with undeveloped, striate sheaths; roots and 

 tufts of leaves produced at the nodes; blades 2 — 5 cm. long, stiff, glau- 

 cous green. 



In all hot, and some temperate countries, such as Southern Europe, 

 whence it ranges to Northern France, and Australia. Not confined to 

 coastal sands, but often a roadside weed, as in California, where it is 

 introduced. 



Dactylis litoralis Willd. 

 Perennial grass,- with long creeping stolons; leaves rigid, glaucous. 

 Coasts of Mediterranean, but also on the salt steppes of Eastern 

 Europe and Western Asia. 



Distichlis maritirna Baf. 

 Perennial grass, with stout, creeping, scaly rootstoek; stems stout, 

 rigid, erect, 10 — 45 cm. high, often branched below, leafy; leaves pale 

 green, narrow, rigid, very acute, strictly 2-ranked; sheaths glabrous, 

 slightly bearded at the base; ligule reduced to a mere ring, blade 5 — 15 

 cm. long, spreading, rigid; margins minutely ciliate. 



