224 



PRINCIPLES OF PLANT CULTURE 



stock, which is usually not cut off, and is secured in place 

 by wrapping tightly with grafting cloth or raffia. Three 

 slightly different methods are in use. 



(a) A shaving of bark, thick enough to reach into the 

 cambium layer, is removed from the side of the stock 

 by making a long vertical cut and a short transverse 

 cut at the base, and to this cut surface the cion is care- 

 fully fitted, and bound with raffia. This 

 method is called veneer-grafting. 



(6) A sloping cut is made rather deeply 

 into the sapwood of the stock, into which 

 the cion, after being tapered at its base 

 to the form of a wedge, is inserted (Fig. 

 118), and the parts are then held closely 

 together by binding with raffia. This 

 method is generally employed in herba- 

 ceous grafting, as with the potato, tomato 

 and the like. It is also much used in 

 grafting evergreens under glass, and oc- 

 casionally in grafting outdoor nursery 

 trees. In the latter case, a coating of grafting-wax is 

 usually substituted for the tying. 



(c) A short, transverse incision is made, and imme- 

 diately below this, a somewhat longer, vertical cut — 

 the two cuts, which are just deep enough to reach through 

 the bark, forming a T (Fig. 121). The cion is then cut 

 off with a long, sloping cut, and the point inserted, the 

 cut surface inward, beneath the two lips of bark formed 

 by the T-cut, after which the cion is crowded downward 

 until its cut surface is in contact with the cambium layer 

 of the stock, when the juncture is bound with raffia. 



394. Budding is now extensively employed in propa- 

 gating fruit trees, roses and the varieties of deciduous 



Fig. 121. — Side- 

 graft inserted 

 ready for ty- 

 ing. 



