228 



PRINCIPLES OP PLANT CULTURE 



out about a fourth of an inch above the bud (Fig. 123). 

 Often the knife does not run out, but the bark is cut off 

 square, a quarter of an inch above the bud, as indicated 

 in Fig. 122. 



With the spatula of the budding knife (397), the Hps 

 of bark in the angles of the T-cut are loosened from the 

 wood, when the bit 

 of bark bearing the 

 bud is slipped down 

 behind them (Fig. 

 124), with the bud 

 pointing upward. 



Fig. 128. 



Fig. 129. 



Fig. 130. 



Fig. 128. — Budding knife with ivory spatula on the end opposite the 



blade. 

 Fig. 129. — Budding knife made from erasing knife by rounding the 



" edge at A. 



Fig. 130. — Two plants prepared for approach -grafting. The cut sur- 

 faces, o, a, are to be placed together and bound. 



until the top end of the bit of bark is just below the hor- 

 izontal cut of the T. Some budders do not use the 



