458 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 



old fields at Belleville, also on Presqu'ile Point, Lake Ontai-io, and 

 sand along the lake and river shores throughout Ontario. {Macoun) 

 Sandy shore. Point Pelee, Lake Erie, Essex Co., Ontario. (JBurgess.) 

 Bather common in all the river valleys throughout the prairie region 

 from the Eed Eiver westward to the base of the Eocky Mountains 

 At "Big Stick " Lake, north of the Cypress Hills, there was a grove 

 of these trees of a very large size in existence in 1880. These had 

 escaped the annual prairie fires, being surrounded and partly cov- 

 ered up by sand, and stood as a proof of the existence of forests in the 

 past, where now there is not even a bush. The trees were over 50 

 feet high, and some of them at least two feet in diameter. 



Note. 



Fopulus alba (Abele Tree), and P. dilatata (Lombai-dy Poplar), are 

 quite common throughout the older settlements. The former is very 

 difficult to eradicate when once established, owing to the great number 

 of ofifeets that spring from the roots. 



XCIX. EMPETEACEiE. Crow-berry Family. 



559. EMPETRUM, Linn. (CROW-BERRY.) 



(2059.) E. nigrum, Linn. Black Crow-berry. 



Newfoundland, Ford's Hai-bor, coast of Labrador, Cape Chudleigh, 

 Digge's and Nottingham Islands, Hudson Strait. (JR. Bell.) Pietou, 

 Arisaig, and Magdalen Islands, N. S. (McKay.) Abundant in all 

 peat bogs and on " Bake Apple " barrens in Nova Scotia and Cape 

 Breton. (Lawson & Sommers.) Hillocks in bogs, common. Eocky 

 banks. Bay of Chaleui-s. (Fowler's Cat.) Dalhousie, N^B. (Fletcher.) 

 On islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; Anticosti, and many 

 points on the river St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Along the north shore 

 of Lake Superior, and at Port Ai-thui-, west of the lake. Thence 

 it takes a north-westerly direction and is found in peat bogs, on 

 exposed rocks along lake shores, and on barren grounds to the Pacific 

 Ocean and Arctic Sea. This is the chief article of food for young 

 geese in the north, and large flocks of both old and young have been 

 seen by the writer feeding upon its berries on Anticosti, 



