468 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 



(2081.) P. Banksiana, Lambert. Scrub Pine. 



P. gylvegtris, var. divaricata, Alton Hort. Kew, III., 366. 



P. rupestris, Michx. N. American Sylva II., 250, 1819. 

 This tree extends from Halifax, in Nova Scotia, north-westerly to the 

 Athabasca Eiver, near old Fort Assiniboine, and northerly down the 

 Mackenzie Eiver to the arctic circle. In the east it scarcely foi'ms a 

 tree, but on the Ottawa, at Pctewawa and Chalk Eiver, it is one of 

 some size. North of Lake Superior, it forms groves of tall trees, 

 which become taller and finer on the Dawson Eoute ; westward of 

 Lake Winnipeg and north of the Saskatchewan, it equals the red 

 pine of the east in height and diameter. It is so well-gi*own on 

 the Clearwater Eiver, north of Methy Portage, that Sir John 

 Eichardson confounded it with P. resino&a in his list of trees and shrubs 

 of British America. QMacoun.) Starting fj-om the head of the Bay of 

 Chaleurs, its northern limit seems to be Lake Mistassini, from which 

 it runs west to the Moose Eiver, keej)ing about 100 miles south of 

 James Bay. It does not touch either James or Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.) 

 Abundant, though of small size, in most of the country around Lake 

 Mistassini and down the Eupert Eiver as far as Lake Nemiskow. (J. 

 M. Macoun.) Two trees only have been observed near Ottawa, one 

 found on King's Mountain, Chelsea, P.Q., by Mi's. J. G. Bourinot, and 

 one near the Mer Bleue at Eastman's Springs. (Fletcher.) 



566. PICEA, Link. (SPRUCE.) 



(2082.) P. nigra, Link. Black Spruce. 

 Pinus nigra, Ait. Hook. Fl. II., 163. 

 P. rubra, Lam. Hook. Fl. II., 164. 

 Abies dentiaidata, Michx. Fl. II., 206. 



A. nigra, Poir. Gray, Man. 471, 1868. Macoun's Cat. No- 1688. 

 A. rubra, Poir. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc, London, \., 211. 

 A. nigra, var. rubra, Michx. N. America Sylva. 3rd ed.. III., lU. 



This tree is abundant in Newfoundland and in every part of Canada, 

 except southern Ontario and the prairie region. It climbs highest on 

 the Shickshocks, in Gasp6, and creeps the closest of any of our conifers 

 to the cold waters of the Labrador coast and Arctic Sea. At its north- 

 ern and southern limit it nearly loses its tree form, becoming in the 

 north a bush, while in the south, in the deep swamps, it is little larger 

 than a hop-pole. From Lake Winnipeg, westward, it becomes a mag- 

 nificent tree, averaging from two to three feet in diameter and rising 

 to a height of eighty feet. North of the Saskatchewan and south of 

 Lakes Manitoba and Winnipegoosis, it covers large areas, while in the 

 Beaver and Athabasca valleys it is even larger, and descends the latter 



