470 GEOLOGICAL SUKVET OF CANADA. 



Cypress Hills are numerous small groves. It ascends the Bow Eiver 

 from Calgary, and becomes intermixed with P. Engelmanni at Silver 

 City, within the Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.) On the Athabasca in 

 Latitude 54° 1' 34", Longitude 118° 48'. (Dawson.) Throughout Nova 

 Scotia and Canada, to within twenty miles of the Arctic Sea, and on 

 the Coppermine Eiver ; in Lat. 67J° it attains a height of twenty 

 feet or more. (Richardson.) 



(2084.) P. Engelmanni, Bngelm. Engelmann's Spruce. 



Abies nigra, Engelmann in Am. Jour. Sci., 2nd series, XXXIII., 330. 

 A. Engelmanni, Parry. Macoun's Cat. No. 1694. 



This species is first met with in the Bow Eiver valley, on the line of 

 the Canadian Pacific Eailway, about the Cascade Mountain, but does 

 not completely supersede P. alba until we pass Castle Mountain. 

 At Laggan and all points westward it is the only spruce, and at Kick- 

 ing Horse Lake "there are groves contaiuing many fine trees. In the 

 Columbia valley and all valleys of the Selkirk Mountains, it grows to 

 a great size, often being four feet in diameter and having an average 

 height of over 150 feet. It is more a tree of the valleys than of the 

 mountains, seldom ascending above 6,000 feet. It is possible that 

 another species which we now refer to P. alba, belongs here. (Macoun^ 

 This tree appears to characterize the interior plateau and eastern 

 part of the Province of British Columbia, with the exception of the 

 dry southern portion of the former, and forms dense groves in the 

 mountains. It borders nearly all the streams and swamps in the 

 northern portion of British Columbia between about 2,500 and 3,500 

 feet elevation, and forms dense groves in the valleys of the Eocky 

 Mountains. In the north-eastern part of British Columbia, varieties 

 occur which, according to Prof. Engelmann, who has examined my 

 specimens, are indistinguishable from P. alba, and in some places in 

 the Peace Eiver basin these varieties preponderate. Specimens col- 

 lected on the Peace Eiver plateau (Lat. 55° 46' 54", Long. 120', altitude 

 2,600 feet), are still referrable to P. Engelmanni, but trees on the Atha- 

 basca (Lat. 54° 7' 34", Long. 118° 48') belong to P. alba. The north- 

 ern and north-eastern range of Engelmann's spruce is, therefore, 

 indeterminate. (Dawson.) 



(2085.) P. SitchensiS, Carr. Western Spruce. Menzies' Spruce. 



Finns Sitchmsis, Bong. Hook. Fl. II., 164. 



Abies Menziesii, Lindley. Macoun's Cat. No. 1693. 



Pinus Menziesii, Douglas. Hook. Fl. II., 162. 



Abies Sitchensis, Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc, London, V., 212. 



This tree seems to be confined chiefly to the immediate vicinity of 

 the coast of British Columbia, where it attains a large size, and is, to 



