THE CALL OF THE HEN. 29 
11 and 24. This indicates the Type of the bird. Some will be one- 
sixteenth (!/1.) of an inch thick, including the flank as held between 
the thumb and forefinger, as seen in Figs. 11 and 24, and will vary all 
the way up to one and a quarter (134) inches, including bone, gristle, 
fat, and flank, as seen in Fig. 31. 
The reader is aware by this time that we are in the chapter per- 
taining to Type, the last of the three classes that it is necessary to 
divide poultry into in order to make a scientific classification to enable 
one to arrive at the approximate value of the “Individual Bird’’ as an 
Egg or as a Meat proposition (and without any regard as to its value 
as a breeder, which will be shown later). I wish to repeat here that 
Type is controlled wholly by temperament. We must select the tem- 
perament or combinations of temperaments that suit our purpose, and 
then, with the desired capacity and by scientific feeding, so as to keep 
the subject in proper condition, poultry-culture will become more of 
a science with the majority of poultrymen than it is at present. In 
order to prepare the reader for what is to follow, I will divide poultry 
into three distinct classes as to temperaments. 
The hen that will produce the largest amount of eggs with the small- 
est amount of meat possible for her capacity is of the nervous tem- 
perament. The hen which uses one-half of her vitality in producing 
eggs and the other half of her vitality in producing meat—in other 
words, the dual-purpose hen—is a combination of both the sanguine 
and bilious temperaments and is called “the hen with the sanguine- 
bilious temperament.” The hen that produces the largest amount 
of flesh and the smallest amount of eggs consistent with her capacity 
is of the lymphatic temperament. 
In a fowl all the different temperaments and their different degrees 
of combinations are indicated by the pelvic bones. In the horse they 
are indicated largely by the breed. The Arabian, the ideal running 
and trotting horse, is a good type of the nervous temperament, the coach 
horse is a good type of the sanguine-bilious temperament, and the 
Clyde is a good type of the lymphatic temperament. In cattle we 
have a good example of the nervous temperament in the Jersey, and 
of the lymphatic in the beef family of Durham, also Hereford and 
Polled Angus, while the Holstein and Ayrshire cattle are good types 
of the sanguine-bilious combined. 
I have made this deviation so I could offer to my poultry friends 
this thought: that there are certain laws in Nature that have no regard 
for our theories, and the better we understand these laws, the less liable 
we are to make mistakes. 
CHAPTER IV. 
CAPACITY. 
In the preceding chapters we have given the reader an idea of the 
method we use in judging the value of a hen for the purpose we wish 
her for. In the succeeding chapters we will explain the method in detail. 
First, we will take up ‘‘Capacity.” 
Fig. 12 shows a hen with only one finger capacity (34 of an inch) 
between the two pelvic bones and the rear of the breast-bone. 
