ECONOMIC CONSIDERATION 33 



Table 3. — Deaths by poisonous snakes locally named. 



It has been impossible to determine exactly from the native 

 names the species of snakes in question here. 



Carasaen is the name usually applied by the Ilocanos to species 

 of the cobra, Naja hannah and Naja naja. 



Alwpung and ulupung are Tagalog names applied to the same 

 species, while jagiiason is the Mindanao-Visayan name applied 

 to Naja naja samarensis and possibly to other cobras. Cama- 

 malu * is applied to cobras in the Pa'mpanga dialect, while tacUoco 

 (according to Catanjal) is used in Pangasinan to designate the 

 same species. In the Bicol provinces the name is applied to 

 species of Trimeresuriis. 



Romuranon, according to Peters,t is applied to the species 

 of Trimeresurus, while Catanjal believes it designates Hemi- 

 hungartis, and de Elera believes it applies to Dendroiphis pictus. 

 I suspect that it should apply to the species of Trimeresurus. 



It will thus be seen that certainly a very large portion of the 

 deaths in the Islands from snake bites is caused by the cobra, 

 particularly Naja naja philippinensis, which appears to be rather 

 widespread in the Philippines. 



Catanjal in his work adds a long annotated list of native 

 names, and in some cases an attempt to identify them has been 

 made. The following is a list of native names taken largely 

 from his work. The identifications appended are my own unless 

 otherwise stated. 



* Casto de Elera, Cat. Fauna Filipinas 1 (1895) 440, gives this name 

 for Hemibungarus oalligaster Wiegmann. 

 t Peters, Mon. Berl. Al^. (1861) G91. 



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