33^ 



MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA 



erate. Maxilla elongate, conical, divided by a suture; inner half with coarse 

 spines except towards the suture; a small tuft of hairs at tip running along the 

 suture ; outer half with two filaments centrally near the suture ; a suba.pical spine 

 on other side. Palpus moderate, narrowed at tip, three terminal digits and a 

 fourth subterminal. Thorax rounded, wider than long; hairs abundant, mod- 

 erate, anterior thoracic hairs about as long as head. Anterior abdominal seg- 

 ments short, posterior ones elongated; lateral hairs of first segment multiple, 

 of second double, single and long on third to sixth; secondary hairs distinct, a 

 long single subdorsal hair on fourth, fifth and seventh segments. Tracheal 

 tubes broad, band-shaped narrowed in suture between seventh and eighth seg- 

 ments. Air-tube moderate, slightly fusiform, four times as long as wide ; pecten 

 teeth on basal third; single tooth short, with three long basal branches; three 

 long scattered hairs and a small subapical tuft. Lateral comb of eighth segment 

 of numerous scales in a triangular patch, single scale vnth truncate tip and 

 five equal terminal spines. Anal segment longer than broad, ringed by the 

 plate; dorsal hairs few; a single lateral hair; ventral brush moderate, confined 

 by the plate. Anal gills longer than segment, rather broad, tips rounded; 

 tracheae visible, flexuous. 



Pupa (plate 148, fig. 700). — Thoracic mass subpyriform, stout; small hair- 

 tufts on thorax anteriorly; air-tubes moderate, slightly expanded, notched at tip. 

 Abdomen stout; hair-tufts sparse and small, but subdorsal ones of fourth to 

 sixth segments very long; a small tuft at apical angles of eighth segment. Anal 

 paddles large, rounded, longer than broad. 



The eggs (plate 147, fig. 690) are laid in boat-shaped masses. Girault found 

 that the maximum and minimum number of eggs respectively in twenty egg- 

 masses were 391 and 157, and the average number in the twenty masses 267.1. 

 The larvae live in ground-pools, tree-holes, and artificial receptacles. The 

 natural habitat is probably in tree-holes, but the larvae take readily to artificial 

 receptacles, and are commonly found in rain-barrels and stagnant ditches. 

 Mr. Knab found larvae, in western Massachusetts, in a rock-pool beside a river, 

 and these larvae had unusually long gills; they were associated with larvae of 

 Aedes atropalptts. The adults hibernate, and, as in other species of similar 

 habits, increase in numbers as the season advances. Professor Smith says : 



" The habits of this species are practically like those of Gulex pipiens. It 

 winters in the same way and under the same conditions ; its biting methods are 

 much the same, and, in fact, so far as the adult is concerned, everything that has 

 been said of pipiens applies to this species as well. Eggs are as in pipiens, to all 

 appearance. Both species occur in my pails and I have frequently examined the 

 egg-boats to determine, if possible, whether any superficial differences exist, but 

 have never found any. In general appearance and habits the larvae are also 

 similar; but restuans is not found in really foul water, in my experience. In 

 life the two species are readily discriminated by the antennas, which are always 

 prominently spread out, so that the position of the tuft is readily noted. The 

 wrigglers occur in the pails quite as early as those of pipiens, and Mr. Brakeley 

 has found them in the water in an ornamental vase at Lahaway in October." 



Mr. J. K. Thibault, Jr., says this is the very commonest mosquito about houses 

 in Arkansas, but he believes it is wrongly accused of being a biter of man. 



North America east of the Plains. 



Lincolnville, Maine, August, 1908 (H. G. Dyar) ; Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 

 August 6, 1900 (A. Gibson) ; Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, August 21, 1900 (J. 

 Fletcher) ; Tupper Lake, New York, August, 1905 (H. G. Dyar) ; Center 

 Harbor, New Hampshire, August 23, 1903 (H. G. Dyar) ; Saranac Inn, New 

 York, 1900 (0. A. Johannsen) ; White Eiver, Ontario, Canada, June 26, 1907 



