CALNES FROM BIRTH UNTIL ONE YEAR OLD 3 



coarse fodders, owing to the less advanced development 

 of the digestive organs, the possession of which gives 

 capacity to turn such food to profitable account. 



(4) Winter dairying is more profitable than summer 

 dairying. This follows from the less extent to which it 

 i^ practiced, linked with a demand for dairy products, 

 which is greater in winter than in summer. For these 

 reasons dairy products, especially butter, are usually much 

 higher in winter than in summer. The difference in the 

 increased cost of providing butter in winter, if there is a 

 difference, is not nearly equal to the difference in the price 

 paid for butter. Where cheese-making only is the prime 

 object sought in dairying, the advantage of winter dairy- 

 ing over summer dairying may be open to question, but 

 where cheese is made in summer and butter in winter the 

 advantage is fully as great as when butter only is sought. 

 Even where cheese is the primary object in dairying, some 

 of the cows should freshen in the autumn and early winter 

 that the calves to be reared for the maintenance of the 

 herd may get a good start by feeding on skim milk rather 

 than on whey. 



(5) Prolonged milking is more easily sustained in the 

 cows, and the even continuity of the milk flow is more 

 easily maintained. As is generally known, any decrease 

 in the milk flow as lactation advances tends to increase the 

 difficulty of securing subsequent increase sought by 

 furnishing food better adapted for the production of milk. 

 Decrease in milk yields produced by underfeeding, or by 

 giving improper food, not only results in present loss, but 

 it also has the further effect of increasing future loss, or 

 at least of lessening future possible gains. When cows 

 freshen in the autumn or early winter, the milk flow may 

 be reasonably well maintained until the season for turning 

 out onto fresh pasture, the succulence of which usually 

 results in increasing the milk flow more or less for a time. 

 On the other hand, when cows freshen in the spring, the 



