34 THE MANAGEMENT AND FEEDING OF CATTLE 



amount fed should be limited. The meal or grain fed 

 may be virtually the same as that given the calves 

 weaned in the spring, with the difference that more corn 

 may be fed in the mixture during the coldest months. 

 The fodder may be the same as for calves while yet on a 

 milk ration. When ensilage is present, the meal can be 

 profitably fed with this, but where it is not more com- 

 plete, digestion of the meal will be secured by chaffing 

 some of the hay and feeding meal along with this. 



Such calves may be most cheaply wintered in an 

 inclosed shed or stable, in which they run loose, except 

 when eating this grain. When thus engaged it is better 

 to confine them in stanchions erected on some such plan 

 as those just described on page 370, that each calf may 

 get its rightful share. The inclosures should be rea- 

 sonably warm and well ventilated, and should give easy 

 access to a protected yard or paddock attached. Every 

 care should be taken to guard the calves from exposure 

 to early storms and early frosts. It is especially im- 

 portant to guard them from cold rain or sleet storms. 

 Special attention is fully as necessary' in changing the 

 calves from grazing to winter quarters as when chang- 

 ing them from winter quarters to grazing. 



Growing calves for veal. — Veal in the strict sense 

 means the dressed flesh of the calf that has been fed 

 milk only. Veal produced from feeding whole milk 

 only, and especially when the calves are not marketed 

 at too young an age, is at a premium in some of the 

 best European markets. In America the prices paid do 

 not, in very many instances, justify the feeding of new 

 milk for a longer period than will bring them to a mar- 

 ketable age. Calves that are vealed are more commonlv 

 allowed to suck the dams, but sometimes they are hand- 

 fed, and they are frequently sold at the earliest date that 

 they can be put upon the market. To make one pound 

 of increase usually calls for 8 to 9 pounds of whole milk. 



