36 THE MANAGEMENT AND FEEDING OF CATTLE 



whole milk until two weeks old, and are then gradually 

 changed to new milk. (See page 18.) The method 

 of changing is sometimes adopted by which the cream 

 is so separated that it is not all removed, but a larger 

 proportion is removed from day to day until the change 

 is made. The change from whole milk to new milk 

 should be completed by the time that the calves take 

 meal and nice, tender fodder freely. Subsequently whole 

 or ground corn, whole or ground oats, bran, and oil meal 

 may be fed as mentioned above. They take the market 

 better at the age mentioned than when older, as with 

 increasing age the dairy form becomes more pronounced. 



Grazing for calves. — Where any considerable num- 

 ber of calves are grown, the aim should be to provide 

 grazing especially for them. It is important: ( i) 

 That it shall be near the shelter in which the calves are 

 fed. (2) That it shall be abundant and succulent, and 

 (3) that it shall be provided in a succession that will 

 cover the season. Usually grazing will furnish the 

 cheapest food that can be given to calves. 



Any kind of grass or clover possessed of succulence, 

 nutrition, and palatability in a fair degree will answer. 

 AV^here bluegrass will grow successfully it cannot be 

 excelled for grazing, spring and fall. In the summer 

 it should be supplemented with dwarf Essex rape, and 

 this may also be made to furnish autumn grazing, but 

 as in pasturing sheep on rape, it is desirable to give also 

 access to a grass pasture. Clover in any of its varieties will 

 be helpful, the common red being especially so because 

 of its persistent growth. But some caution is necessary 

 in grazing clover when very succulent, and also rape, lest 

 bloating should occur, and the danger from pasturing 

 alfalfa is still greater. Grains mixed and sown together 

 make good grazing for calves in the absence of grass 

 pasture, but the season during which they furnish it is 

 short. In the South, winter or spring grazing may bf 

 furnished by sowing such grain as winter oats, barley. 



