CHAPTER II 



CATTLE ONE YEAR OLD— SUMMER AND 

 WINTER 



The care of caives that come m the autumn and 

 also in the spring-, up to the age of one year, is given 

 in Chapter I. This means that the food and care suit- 

 able for the former have been given until the beginning 

 of the second winter, and for the latter up to the begin- 

 ning of the second summer. In the present chapter will 

 be discussed the following: (i) Autumn calves the 

 second winter; (2) Spring calves the second winter; 

 (3) Grazing in summer; (4) Supplementing the pas- 

 tures; (5) The water supply; and (6) Other important 

 considerations. 



Autumn calves the second winter. — The second 

 winter, autumn calves can endure considerably more 

 exposure without harm than it would have been pru- 

 dent to subject them to the first winter. The nature of 

 the shelter required will depend, first, upon the object 

 for which the cattle are reared, and, second, upon the 

 climate. 



When the winter temperatures are low, even though 

 the normal winter day is bright and clear, it will be 

 advantageous to have quarters for them that may be 

 closed at will and so constructed as to exclude extreme 

 cold. A basement with ample light is very suitable. 

 Other inclosures may be made warm by using building 

 paper when inclosing them. AVhere temperatures may 

 not fall so low, but where precipitation frequently 

 occurs in the form of rain or sleet in winter, apartments 

 that may be closed are fully as necessary as when tem- 

 peratures are much lower, but where the precipitation 



