CATTLE ONE YEAR OLD SUMMER AND WINTER 5I 



made up of corn, barley or rye, oats and cottonseed meal, 

 or oilcake, or wheat bran, or middlings in equal propor- 

 tions by weight. A less amount of oilcake will answer 

 under some conditions, as when a small quantity of 

 field roots is fed. In the South, cottonseed hulls may 

 take the place of oats. A mixture of wheat and oats, 

 grown together, about one-third wheat, is also suitable. 



Fixed amounts of grain cannot be given. Usually it 

 will answer to begin with 2 to 3 pounds daily, a head. 

 This will be gradually increased to 4 or 5 pounds with the 

 advance of the season, and to 6 or 7 pounds by the time 

 for turning out on grass, when the finishing is to be 

 completed in the early summer. For such finishing the 

 grain should be fed so that the animals will gain not 

 less than i^A pounds daily during the winter. 



Where the fodder is corn with the ears unremoved 

 and reasonably plentiful in supply, no other grain is 

 needed. Such a ration will not be in balance. Never- 

 theless, it may be the cheapest in some instances. If 

 the cattle are to be carried over till the following win- 

 ter, minimum quantities only of grain should be fed. 

 Should they be given ear corn ample in supply, no other 

 grain would be required even in the absence of ensilage, 

 but of the two, ensilage is the cheaper, because of its 

 greater succulence and less waste in feeding. 



Grazing in summer. — Autumn calves will be ap- 

 proximately 18 months old when they reach the grazing 

 period of their second summer, and spring calves vir- 

 tually 24 months. The grazing suitable for both is 

 really the same, except when the spring calves will be 

 finished on grass. For such finishing see page 86. 

 The chief features to be considered with reference to 

 summer grazing are, first, its suitability; second, its 

 abundance; third, the supplementary food when needed; 

 and, fourth, the protection that may be necessary. 



It would seem safe to say that all pastures are suit- 

 able for making increase when they furnish an ample 



