CATTLE TWO YEARS OLD SUMxMER AND WINTER 63 



the open range can carry on a more successful battle 

 for existence when wintering on the same than a strong 

 yearling. Of course, it would not be wise to expose 

 them unnecessarily to inclement weather, nevertheless 

 they will stand more exposure without taking harm, 

 hence when animals in both forms are being wintered 

 those in the one-year form should be given the better 

 protection. Those in the two-year form will seldom 

 really call for the protection of a closed shed. They 

 have reached an age when they are able to rough it 

 with about as little harm as at any subsequent age. 

 They should, of course, be dehorned. 



Females of the age under consideration will be 

 pregnant, or should become so, during the winter. AVhen 

 not forward in pregnancy, there can be no serious objec- 

 tion to their going with other animals of similar ages 

 that are not being finished, or that are not being pushed for- 

 ward rapidly for early finishing on grass. If forward 

 in pregnancy, such heifers would call for better care and 

 special feeding. 



The only times when such animals, properly graded, 

 will profit from being fastened in stanchions is when 

 they are eating grain or roots, should such be given to 

 them. Even this may not be necessary where divisions 

 are made which answer the purpose of single stalls. 

 But where such divisions are made, the added expense 

 of the ordinary stanchion is not much, and the cost of 

 operating is scarcely to be mentioned. It is not at all 

 necessary to feed fodders in the mangers connected with 

 the stanchions, unless it is convenient to do so. They 

 may be fed in any way that will result in greater con- 

 venience from feeding them. Unless when storms are 

 falling, the fodder may be fed in racks out of doors and 

 in yards favored with sunshine and shelter from winds. 



When such animals are being fattened they must 

 have good fodders, as hay or alfalfa and ensilage, when 

 it may be had. When being pushed somewhat for early 



