64 THE MANAGE.MENT AXD FEEDING OF CATTLE 



turning off on grass the fodder must be good, but not 

 necessarily so good as in the former instance. A\'hen 

 the problem is simply wintering the animals to be 

 finished later, the coarsest and cheapest of fodders may 

 be fed. Animals in the two-year form can use them to bet- 

 ter relative advantage than when a year younger. When 

 very coarse fodders are fed it may be necessary to so 

 feed them that there will be more or less waste or re- 

 jected fodder. This may involve less loss than to force 

 the animals to eat it clean. Corn and sorghum fodders, 

 also corn ensilage, furnish cheap food for such animals, 

 and if thev can be fed along with not fewer than, say, 

 15 pounds daily of field roots or sugar beet pulp, the 

 animals may make considerable gains on such foods. 

 Where alfalfa hay only can be supplied, as in some parts 

 of the semi-range country, they should make fair gains 

 with no other food added. 



Much of what has been said about feeding con- 

 centrates to cattle in the one-year form will also apply 

 to those in the two-year form. (See page 49.) If 

 concentrates are fed at all, the kinds and amounts fed 

 must be gauged by the fodders fed and other conditions 

 such as relate to the time and character of the finish 

 sought, and other purposes for which the animals are 

 grown. If they are to be turned ofT on grass, see page 

 50 for the amounts of grain to feed. If to be carried 

 through the winter and finished on grass without grain, 

 it may be cheaper not to give them any grain. It will 

 be found that as a principle of feeding such animals are 

 in less need of grain than those younger. At no time 

 of life are they better able to utilize cheap foods. As a 

 rule, it will be found profitable to supplement other 

 food when necessary with that amount of concentrates 

 that will insure a .gain of not less than I pound dailv 

 for the season. 



Spring calves the third winter. — Calves born in the 

 spring enter the third winter at the age of 30 months. 



