66 THE MANAGEMENT AND FEEDING OF CATTLE 



instances because it is considered economical so to 

 winter them. 



When they are to be finished in the early spring 

 on grass, they must be fed good fodders, and a con- 

 siderable amount of grain. (See page 86.) Where 

 cattle are being fattened on the same farm and corn 

 fodder is being fed in large quantities, such animals, and 

 also those discussed above, will glean after the fat cattle 

 with much advantage, if allowed to do so. The food 

 which they consume in this way is just so much saved, 

 unless it could be consumed by other stock that is 

 simply being carried through the winter. 



In proximity to beet sugar factories such cattle 

 may sometimes be carried through the winter very 

 cheaply, and the same is true of cattle that are younger. 

 When sugar beet pulp can be obtained at 25 to 30 cents 

 a ton, as at present from some factories, it furnishes 

 cheap food for such wintering. It may be fed with 

 native hay, straw of cereals, alfalfa and corn, or sorghum 

 fodders. Only cattle wintered within reasonable prox- 

 imity to the factories can be thus wintered. 



Grazing in summer. — Calves born in the autumn 

 will have reached the age of 30 months when the third 

 summer's grazing begins, and those born in the spring 

 the age of 36 months. These will, in nearly all in- 

 stances, be finished in one form or another on grass. 

 For such finishing see Chapter VIII. The exceptions 

 are stocks grown on the open range whose growth has 

 been so checked by the privation endured by them dur- 

 ing previous winters that they may not yet have com- 

 pleted their growth, even approximately. What has been 

 said about the kinds of grazing most suitable for animals 

 the second summer (see page 51) will apply equally 

 to these. What is said also about the benefit from 

 abundant grazing will apply with greater force in the 

 case of the older animals, as with them more energy 

 will be expended in searching for grass when the graz- 



