CATTLE TWO YEARS OLD — SUMMER AND WINTER 69 



cess to water twice a day, or, what is better, at will, 

 they are much less prone to take enough to chill the 

 body at one time than if only allowed to drink once a 

 day. Of course, ice may be removed from a tank, and 

 when water is pumped up from wells, if the pumping 

 only precedes the taking of water for a short time it will 

 be less cold than after it has been for some time in the 

 tank. In very large pastures, the aim should be to have 

 a supply of water in more than one part of the pasture. 

 On a hot day, if an animal is forced to journey a long 

 distance to take water^ it will make materially less in- 

 crease than when water is sufficiently accessible to pre- 

 clude the necessity of journeying far to obtain it. The 

 taking of water will also be more frequent, a matter of 

 much importance in such weather. 



Other important considerations. — Whether the 

 animals in the two-year form should be graded in win- 

 ter will depend upon such considerations as relate to 

 well-doing and to the objects for which they are kept. 

 If all are strong and vigorous, there is no necessity for 

 feeding them separately. If some are much weaker 

 than others, this necessity may be present to some ex- 

 tent. It may not necessitate keeping them in different 

 quarters, except when the weaker ones are given the 

 opportunity to consume food better than what is given 

 to the stronger animals. The better food thus given 

 will usually accomplish the end sought if given with 

 judgment but once a day. 



It is possible, in some instances, to allow animals 

 in the one-year form to feed together with those in the 

 two-year form. This is more feasible when fodder only 

 is fed, and in such quantities that each animal will have 

 ample supply. Range cattle are frequently thus carried 

 through the winter when fed alfalfa or other hay, and 

 cattle grown on the arable farm under extensive condi- 

 tions are also frequently wintered thus. 



When reared for breeding, it may answer perfectly 



