FINISHING CATTLIC ON PASTURE 167 



the yards, and, to produce this, may call for feeding 

 grain somewhat freely during the winter. Growing 

 animals should be given enough grain to cause them 

 to increase not less than i}4 pounds daily during the 

 winter. This result should be reached ordinarily from 

 feeding an average of, say, 6 pounds of meal daily, 

 beginning with three or four pounds, and gradually in- 

 creasing. The following fed daily would be a relatively 

 cheap ration for such feeding where ensilage is grown ; 

 25 to 30 pounds ensilage, 6 pounds meal and the bal- 

 ance clover or alfalfa hay. The grain or meal could 

 be corn or barley 50 per cent by weight, wheat bran 25, 

 oats 20, and oilcake 5. In the South cottonseed meal 

 could be freely used instead of bran, oats, and oilcake. 

 In the northwest, where succotash grows in good form, 

 a mixture of which wheat would form one-third by 

 weight, the other two-thirds being speltz and oats, or 

 oats alone, will be found suitable. 



When the animals are to be finished in the late sum- 

 mer they should be made to gain not less than 1%. 

 pounds daily, and should be fed grain accordingly. An 

 average of 4 pounds daily through the winter would 

 suffice, beginning with 2 to 3 pounds and increas- 

 ing gradually. The kinds suitable will be the same as 

 for those to be finished early, and given in the preceding 

 paragraph. 



The finishing of cattle without grain is usually a 

 necessity under range conditions, and it may be advis- 

 able sometimes under extensive farm conditions. But 

 even when grain is not to be fed when finishing on 

 grass, the cattle should be kept growing, if immature. 

 The aim should be, not only to prevent them from losing 

 fiesh, but to advance them in weight not less than one 

 pound daily. To accomplish this it may be necessary 

 sometimes to feed grain. But when leguminous fodder 

 is fed, as good clover or alfalfa hay, it is not likely that 

 feeding grain will be necessary, as without grain 



