iSo THE MANAGEMENT AND FEEDING OF CATTLE 



1. The cattle should be amply supplied with water, 

 salt, and shade. It is, of course, advantageous to have 

 these supplied in the pastures, and so that the cattle 

 may at all times have access to them. It matters little 

 as to the source of the water, providing it is pure and 

 wholesome. If the cattle have to journey far for water 

 and return to the pasture, especially in hot weather, the 

 gains would be greatly retarded. Salt is best supplied in a 

 box or boxes protected from rain and placed near the 

 water supply when the water is taken from tanks. The 

 salt supply should never be allowed to run short, as 

 when salt is given again the cattle will take too much. 

 The more succulent the pastures, the greater is the 

 necessity for a plentiful supply of salt. Shade is best 

 furnished by trees, and so plentiful that the cattle will 

 not bunch when lying at rest. But when trees are too 

 numerousl}^ scattered over the pastures they lessen the 

 yields and quality of the grass. A\'here no trees are 

 present, shade may be furnished by erecting a roof of 

 ])oIes, covered with straw or old hay, and located in an 

 airy place. 



2. The grain is usually fed in boxes from which the 

 cattle eat simultaneously. The objection to this mode 

 of feeding is that some animals may get more than 

 their rightful share and some less when grain is not fed 

 to the full capacity of the animals to consume it. Where 

 only a few animals are fed it would be practicable to 

 feed them in separate boxes, but not reallv so when 

 the number is very large. It would be easily possible 

 to construct a box somewhat like a manger, with poles 

 obliquely placed to mark the stall di\isions, so to speak. 

 If the manger were placed in the line of the fence, the 

 food could be put into the same without. 



3. It has not yet been found practicable to protect 

 cattle from the annoyance of flies when thus grazed. 

 It is, of course, possible to spray them with certain sub- 

 stances that will protect them for a few days, but the 



