cows THAT ARE MILKED BY HAND I9I 



that after parturition removing all the milk that is 

 present will do good rather than harm. 



The cow should be given a sufficiency of water after 

 the calf is born, but never colder than a tepid condition, 

 lest it chill the system. She should be kept on a low 

 diet, that is, not stimulating, for a few days ; nor excessive 

 in quantity, so that the disturbed condition of the system 

 may have time to regain normal conditions. While 

 fodders may be fed as usual in winter, the increase in 

 the concentrates should be gradual until the maximum 

 amount is reached. For a few days, or until the con- 

 dition of the udder becomes normal, strong heat-produc- 

 ing grains should be fed sparingly or not at all. 



Shelter required in winter. — More commonly cows 

 in milk are tied in the stall or confined in some sort of 

 stanchion, but, in some instances, they are given the 

 liberty of a closed shed, except when taking their food 

 and while being milked. The latter method gives the 

 cows opportunity for taking more exercise than the 

 former, which is a strong argument in its favor, but 

 more bedding is called for in order to keep the cows 

 clean. On the other hand, all the liquid manure is thus 

 saved, being absorbed by the bedding which is added 

 daily. The manure is also preserved from leaching by 

 rain until drawn to the field. The cows must, of course, 

 be dehorned. 



Wherever kept they should be comfortable as to 

 temperature. This means that they should be kept in 

 an inclosure where the temperature should not rise 

 above, say, 60, or fall below 40. The aim should be to 

 secure a temperature of, say, 45, but weather conditions 

 may render it impossible to keep the temperature as 

 indicated. In properly constructed basement stables an 

 even temperature is more easily secured than in other 

 stables, since atmospheric changes do not quickly affect 

 the temperature in them. 



In addition to a comfortable temperature there 



