cows THAT ARE MILKED BY HAND I93 



plan is that it only admits of turning out when the 

 weather is good, hence in some climates there will be 

 successive days in which the cows cannot be turned out 

 thus at all. By the second method, the cov/s are turned 

 into a closed shed with ample sunlight on the sunny side, 

 and are there allowed to remain for several hours each 

 day. Fodder to some extent may be supplied in this 

 shed. The chief objection to this method is its cost. 

 Where it is adopted, attention must be given to ven- 

 tilating the inclosure. By the third method the cows 

 are kept in apartments where they are at liberty, except 

 when taking their food as described on page 191. '\^'hen 

 thus kept it is not necessary to turn them out at all 

 when temperatures without are low. On the other hand, 

 they may be given prolonged freedom in a protected yard 

 adjacent when the weather is good. This method of 

 keeping such cows is the most favorable of the three, 

 for the maintenance of stamina. 



Several years ago the practice of tying cows in stalls 

 in which they are given food and furnished with water, 

 and of not allowing them out at all from the autumn 

 to the spring was considerably practiced. It is but little 

 practiced now, as it was found that herds kept thus be- 

 came much preyed upon by tuberculosis. On the other 

 hand, a limited number still follow the practice, and have 

 done so for many j'-ears, more, in some instances, than 

 a dozen. The herds, they claim, maintain good health 

 and ample vigor. They attribute the tendency to dis- 

 ease referred to above to insufficient ventilation. This 

 question, therefore, should not be considered as finally 

 determined, although the preponderance of evidence at 

 present would seem to be against the practice. It is 

 certainly favorable to the maintenance of an equilibrium 

 in the conditions, but it is doubtful if animals thus con- 

 fined will consume as much food as those that are given 

 some exercise, or that they will digest it as well. The 



