cows THAT ARE MILKED BY HAND 197 



same time add to the stamina. Exercise thus enforced 

 does not become excessive at the same time in all breeds. 

 Light-weight cows can travel farther than heavy-weight 

 cows in grazing, hence the wisdom of seeking adapta- 

 tion in the choice of cows for pastures that are naturally 

 rugged and sparse. Protection may be furnished from 

 this waste of energy by stimulating production in the 

 pastures through fertilization, through allowing the pas- 

 tures to become abundant before turning the cows into 

 them, and by feeding supplemental foods. It would 

 probably be correct to say that the most valuable pas- 

 ture crop in the aggregate of any crop is the most 

 neglected and mismanaged 



Cows in milk driven gently. — When cows in milk 

 are being driven to and from the pastures, it should be 

 with all gentleness. Undue haste and excitement will 

 militate against maximum milk yields, and fast driving 

 when the udders are distended may result in physical 

 distortion of the udders. Any gait faster than the cows 

 voluntarily assume, especially on the return journey 

 from the pasture, is too fast. 



The use of a horse in thus driving cows is usually 

 hazardous, especially when ridden by a boy. The 

 temptation is so great to hasten the movement of the 

 cows by quick riding that it is not easily resisted and 

 a large whip in the hands of a boy is a temptation to 

 use it to excess. Some boys may be safely trusted to 

 drive the cows at a proper gait, but all boys cannot be 

 so trusted. 



The driving of such cows by dogs is simply an 

 abomination, when the dog urges undue haste, and dogs 

 usually do. To do such driving as it should be done is 

 usually beyond the capacity of a dog. 



When cows are so managed that they will follow 

 like the flocks of sheep in eastern lands, the relations be- 

 tween them and those who care for them will be as they 

 should be. When an attendant can go to the pasture 



