cows THAT SUCKLE THEIR CALVES 21 5 



calves that take milk from their dams are confined to 

 the box stall, shed, or paddock during the milk period, 

 they should be allowed to remain long enough with the 

 dam to insure that the machinery of digestion will not 

 be disturbed by surfeiting, which may easily happen 

 when a new-born calf is only allowed to take nourish- 

 ment at long intervals, as, for instance, but twice a day. 

 When it is impracticable, therefore, to allow them to 

 remain with the dam for a few days the first week or 

 even for a longer period, they should be allowed to nurse 

 more frequently than twice a day. For the benefits from 

 rearing them thus confined see page 13. For the sup- 

 plementary food that will be suitable see page 14. 



When calves are reared thus in the winter season 

 the dams may be tied in the stall or they may be allowed 

 the liberty of a shed. In the latter instance, however, 

 the food should be given in stanchions, that each may 

 get her proper share. Usually, as a matter of conven- 

 ience, the calves are allowed access to the dams at the 

 same time, and the aim should be to have the quarters 

 in which the calves are kept in close proximity to those 

 in which the cow/s are kept. When the quarters in 

 which the calves are kept are across the passageway 

 and immediately behind where the cows are tied, the 

 arrangement is very convenient. When of different 

 ages, the calves should be graded according to age, and 

 kept in apartments so adjusted that each lot may be 

 given its proper food. 



When the cows go to pasture they must be brought 

 in from the pastures morning and evening that the 

 calves may get from them their proper food. Whether 

 the cows will be tied in the stall when the calves are 

 sucking them will depend on circumstances such as 

 relate to supplementary foods given to the cows. 

 Usually the calves may thus take milk from the cows in 

 a yard adjacent to their quarters. When cows not long 



