STABLING SUtTABLF. FOR CATTLF- 343 



Storms. The stabling, however, should be of a character 

 to make it easily possible to exclude draughts, which are 

 always injurious when accompanied by rawness and 

 dampness. 



In climates cold and dry, the necessity for closed 

 stables for all kinds of cattle not in milk except cows 

 and calves is less than in climates with temperatures no 

 lower in winter, but air more moist and precipitation 

 more frequent, and with more of dampness in it. This 

 explains why closed stabling is more essential in Maine 

 than in Minnesota, although the winter temperature in 

 the latter is not much dififerent from that in the former, 

 as measured by the thermometer. 



In the latter there is much more sunshine than in 

 the former in the average winter, which is so far favor- 

 able in wintering cattle in properly protected yards, 

 with such shed accommodation as will protect from fall- 

 ing storms. The stabling for cows, however, should 

 be warm enough to keep them in comfort, and this may 

 call for construction equally warm in dry winter climates 

 as in those much more moist. 



In climates which are cold and damp and raw in 

 winter, and in which storms are frequent both autumn 

 and spring, and even in the winter, then necessity exists 

 for providing closed shelter for all cattle kept on the 

 farm during a portion of the year. This does not, of 

 course, mean that all sheds or stables shall be provided 

 with stalls, or, indeed, any of them, but it does mean 

 that the facilities should be such as to make it possible 

 to house the cattle when precipitation occurs. In such 

 climates much more litter is needed to keep the yards 

 dry than in the former, hence the greater necessity for 

 furnishing a bed that precipitation cannot fall upon. 

 The leaching of fertilizer that is exposed is greater in 

 the more rainy climate, hence the greater the necessity 

 for keeping it as far as practicable under cover. 



Important requisites in a stable. — The following are 



