UEHOKNING, SPAYING, AND CASTRATING CATTLE 399 



the process of throwing is the same as when trimming 

 the feet (see page 119), and when thrown the testicles 

 are removed in practically the same way as when the 

 animals are standing. 



In some instances, mature bulls and also rams are 

 castrated by the aid of ligatures. A strong elastic band 

 is placed around the scrotum above the testicles and 

 close up to the body. The pressure interrupts the cir- 

 culation and deadens the parts, which finally drop ofT. 

 The same result will follow tying a strong cord around 

 the scrotum. In some instances, the scrotum and tes- 

 ticles are cut away about an inch below the ligatures 

 after three or four days and antiseptics are applied to 

 the wound. 



When males are castrated, they should be given 

 close attention until they are properly healed. The 

 wounds may heal over too soon to admit of proper 

 drainage, and if they do should be re-opened. In time 

 of flies, tar and turpentine should be applied as previously 

 intimated in the case of females that are spayed. (See 

 page 394.) In cold weather suitable protection should 

 be provided amid clean surroundings. 



