INSECTS INJURIOUS TO CATTLE 4O9 



It would further seem correct to say that one of 

 the most effective applications for protecting against 

 the horn fly is kerosene emulsion. It is best applied 

 daily as a fine spray. In a large herd it can best be 

 applied in a specially prepared chute through which the 

 cattle pass and by a pump with several nozzles. The 

 emulsion as used at the Virginia experiment station is 

 prepared as follows : Take yellow soap 3^2 pound, soft 

 water i gallon, and kerosene 2 gallons. Shave the soap 

 fine and dissolve in the water at a boiling temperature. 

 Place the kerosene in the barrel containing the spray 

 pump and add the hot soap solution. Churn vigorously 

 for 15 to 20 minutes to emulsify, and add i gallon of 

 water to prevent from becoming curdy. Before using, 

 add 5 gallons of water. The above should spray more 

 than 100 cattle, and the emulsion should only be pre- 

 pared as needed. Daily spraying for two weeks at the 

 aforementioned station well-nigh resulted in annihilat- 

 ing the flies. 



To remove the droppings as made from the yards 

 and stables will no doubt aid very much in preventing 

 increase in flies, scattering them frequently when 

 dropped in pastures may help some, and strewing lime 

 over the droppings when not removed will also render 

 substantial aid. There is no doubt but that the best 

 return is obtained from the manure when it can be drawn 

 out and spread every day or two. Should maggots be 

 produced in wounds from eggs laid by flies, carbolic acid 

 and water in the proportions of i and 20 parts will dis- 

 lodge them and tar smeared over the wound will fur- 

 ther protect it. 



Mange on cattle. — Mange on cattle is sometimes 

 called cattle scab or cattle itch. Its most serious form is 

 caused by a mite (Psoroptes communis, var. bovis). Mites 

 are of three classes, viz., sarcoptcs, psoroptes, and 

 symbiotes. The second and third of these affect cattle, 

 but nearly all the trouble caused by mites on cattle 



