INSECTS INJURIOUS TO CATTLE 4II 



parts affected in the earlier stages of infestation, 

 and the incessant manifestation of a disposition to rul) 

 against surfaces, accompanied at first by a scaly and 

 wrinkled condition of the thickened skin, and later by 

 a falling off of the hair from the affected parts. The 

 presence of lice may lead to rubbing off the hair, but 

 they do not cause that scaly, wrinkled, and thickened 

 condition of the skin which results from the presence 

 of mites. This affection may certainly be distinguished 

 from eczema, which, in several respects, it resembles, by 

 the actual presence of the mites. 



While the attacks of mange come most readily to 

 cattle that are weak and debilitated, they come to all 

 classes of cattle, even to animals so high in condition as 

 to be able to win honors when shown in the fat classes. 

 When mange gets into a herd, ill-doing is the invariable 

 result. The cattle lose flesh and the milk flow from 

 cows thus affected decreases rapidly. Unless remedial 

 measures are applied, the whole herd would soon be- 

 come a wreck, and deprived of all power of recuperation. 

 It spreads so quickly in a herd that remedial measures 

 cannot begin too soon when its presence is discovered. 



When mange first appears, if the healthy animals 

 can be separated and moved to other quarters, they may 

 escape infection. If they cannot be thus removed, the 

 infected animals should be taken from the others, and 

 the quarters occupied carefully disinfected by using a 

 solution of carbolic acid and water, of which the propor- 

 tions are i and 20, respectively. 



Where but few animals are affected, treatment may 

 begin by giving the affected parts a thorough scrubbing 

 with soap and warm water. Should some of the crusts 

 remain, apply sweet oil to soften them and wash again 

 the day following. Any of the dips with coal tar as a 

 base, as zenoleum and chloro-naptholeum, should prove 

 efificient, if freely and thoroughly applied according to 

 the directions. Two, or even three, applications, may 



