426 THE MANAGEMENT AND FEEDING OF CATTLE 



destroy the germs. These may not be present in the milk 

 of more than one dam to, say, four or five, but the un- 

 certainty with reference to this should preclude the feed- 

 ing of all such milk, whole or skimmed, to calves or 

 swine, unless sterilized. (3) That the calves shall be 

 tested under the age of, say, six months, and again about 

 once a year until matured. They must, of course, be 

 kept away from mingling with infected cattle or from 

 the stables occupied by the former in the absence of dis- 

 infection. Less than 10 per cent of the animals reared 

 thus will react. 



During recent years the system of vaccinating cat- 

 tle with a vaccine that has been extensively tried in an 

 experimental way is being introduced. It is obtained 

 from tubercle, and is injected into the blood of the 

 jugular vein. The process is much akin to vaccination 

 against smallpox in the human family. Two vaccina- 

 tions are given, the first usually when the calves are 

 not more than two to three months old, and the second, 

 90 days later. So successful have the results proved 

 that even now it is believed such vaccination may 

 prove a great aid in freeing infected herds from tuber- 

 culosis, notwithstanding that the animals infected and 

 immune inhabit the same quarters. 



Regarding the proper course for cattle owners to 

 adopt with reference to tuberculosis, there need be no 

 controversy. Where there are any grounds for suspect- 

 ing its presence, the herd should be tested and any cattle 

 found diseased at once removed. AVithin the next 12 

 months two tests should be made and subsequently one 

 each year until no reactions occur. The stables should 

 be disinfected with a 5 per cent solution of carbolic acid 

 and water, or what is cheaper and equally efifective a 

 solution of bichloride of mercury, that is, corrosive sub- 

 limate and water, in the proportions of i and 1,000. This 

 should be done after each test in which any of the 

 animals respond. Under no conditions should outside 



