26o ELEMENTS OF OENITHOIiOGT. 



arranged in a simple row not extending beyond the secondaries ; 

 colic caeca almost always present ; a spinal feather-tract on a 

 considerable part of the neck, well defined by lateral bare tracts 

 and not split by a spinal bare tract ; hind toe supplied by a 

 tendon from the flexor longus hallucis^ ; no amhiens or accessory 

 femoro-caudal ; oil-gland present but nude ; feet non-zygndac- 

 tyle ; mid-front of sternum not perforated to receive processes 

 of coracoids ; no basipterygoid processes ; dorsal vertebrae never 

 opisthoeoelous ; cervical vertebrae never more than fifteen. 



Suborder 1. Passeres. 



Palate segithognathous ' ; not more than 15 cervical ver- 

 tebrae; tendons of flexores Jiallucis and longus digitorum not 

 connected ; manubrium generally bifurcated ; intrinsic vocal 

 muscles mostly fixed to ends of bronchial semirings ; lower end 

 of trachea almost always modified into a vocal organ ; bill often 

 long and slender ; rarely broad, with very wide gape ; hand 

 not very long or humerus very short. 



Suborder 2. Eurylcemi. 



Palate segithognathous ; nasals holorhinal ° ; dorsal vertebrae 

 heterocoelous * ; tendons of flexores halhicis and longus digi- 

 torum connected ; manubrium not bifurcated ; intrinsic vocal 

 muscles fixed near the middle of the bronchial semirings ; lower 

 end of trachea not modified into a vocal organ ; bill always 

 very broad, and gape very vride ; hand not very long or humerus 

 very short : a large purse-like nest ; eggs minutely spotted with 

 brown. 



Suborder 3. Trochili. 



Palate more or less schizognathous ; basipterygoid processes 

 absent ; nasals holorhinal ; thyro-hyals arching over skull, as in 

 Woodpeckers : tendons of. flexores hallucis and longus digitm-um 



' See ante, p. 205. " See ante, p. 186. 



5 See ante, p. 181. " See ante, p. 171. 



