266 ELKMBNTS OF OKlflTHOLOGY. 



Order III. PICIFOEMES. 



Toung born helpless, but pass through no downy stage ; 

 hallux mostly present in the form of a hind toe, but sometimes 

 the hind toe is the fourth digit ; a spinal feather-tract on a 

 considerable part of the neck, well defined by lateral bare 

 tracts, and not split by a spinal bare tract ; hind toe, or toes, 

 supplied by flexor longus hallucis; no ambiens or accessory 

 femoro-caudal ; oil-gland always present, tufted or not tufted : 

 feet generally zygodaetyle ; rostrum of sternum generally not 

 perforated for coracoids ; generally no basipterygoid processes ; 

 dorsal vertebrse never opisthocoelous ; cervical vertebrae never 

 more than fifteen. 



Suborder 1. Upupm. 



Deep plantar tendons free ; sternum perforated for processes 

 of coracoids ; palate desmognathous ; sternum with two deep 

 posterior notches ; oil-gland tufted ; spinal feather-tract forked 

 on the upper back ; second digit not reversed ; basipterygoid 

 processes absent ; no casca. 



Suborder 2. Trogones. 



Each deep plantar tendon bifurcating to supply two ioes; 

 sternum not perforated for coracoids ; sternum with four 

 posterior indentations ; palate schizognathous ; spinal feather- 

 tract well defined from nape to oil-gland, but not forked; 

 second digit reversed ; basipterygoid processes present ; oil- 

 gland present and nude ; caeca present. 



Suborder 3. Scansores. 



Flexor digitorum sending a tendon to third digit only; 

 flexor hallucis joining just mentioned tendon, and then supply- 

 ing hallux, second and fourth digits ; sternum not perforated 

 for coracoids ; palate various ; oil-gland nude or tufted ; 

 spinal feather-tract well defined on the neck and forked on the 



