THE CLASSiriCATION OF BIEDS. 267 



lower (not on the upper) back ; feet zygodactyle ; basipterygoid 

 processes absent. 



There are nine families in this order : two to the first sub- 

 order, one to the second, and. six to tlie third. 



The first is the Upupidce, and consists of the Hoopoes^. 

 The second is the Irrisoridce, which includes the Wood-hoopoes. 

 The third embraces all the Trogons^ and is named Trogo- 

 nidce. 



The first family of the third suborder is called Galhulidce, and 

 contains the Jacamars ^ 



The second family contains the Puff-birds*, and is named 

 -Bucconidce, while the third is the very large family of "Wood- 

 peckers " and Wrynecks, called, from the type, Picidce. The 

 remaining three families are the Indieatoridce or Honey- 

 guides ", the CapitonidcB or Barbets ', and the handsome but 

 strange Toucans, Ehamphastidce. 



The fourth order, with more than 190 species, is Coccyges, 

 which may be divided into two suborders, each containingbut a 

 single family. 



The first suborder is that named Musophagi, and the second 

 is called CueuU. 



Their characters stand thus : — 



Order IV, COCCYGES. 

 Palate desmognathous ; no basipterygoid processes ; hallux 

 always present and supplied by jleocor Tiallucis ; second, third, 

 and fourth digits supplied by flexor digitorum ; young born 

 helpless, but not passing through a downy stage ; feet often 

 zygodactyle ; dorsal vertebrae not opisthocoelous. 



Suborder 1. Musophagi. 



Plantar tendons not free ; spinal feather-tract both well 



defined on the neck and not forked on the back; oil-gland 



tufted ; feet may be semi-zygodactyle. 



' P. 86. The Hoopoes are nearly related to the Hombills, and form a 

 transition from them to the other Pieiformes. 



= P. 88. ' P. 77. * P. 76. 



' P. 70. « P. 84. ■• P. 75. 



