CEARACTEBS IN WINTER TWIGS 



39 



leaf -scars are characteristic marks in plants, and 

 enable us to tell one kind from another, the 

 same as the characters of leaves and 

 flowers do. 



36. Let the pupil procure twigs 

 of some of the walnuts (as the black 

 walnut and butternut), and observe 

 the curious scars and other charac- 

 ters. Fig. 36 is a tip of a shoot of 

 the Japan walnut (now coming to be 

 cultivated). The scars are 

 most peculiar. A striking 

 thing about this twig is the 

 fact that there are more 

 buds than axils ; that is, 

 there are two or three buds 

 to each axil, and two well- 

 developed terminal buds. 

 Perhaps these . accessory or 

 supernumerary buds explain 

 some peculiarities in the 

 i'i^i!!ili branching of the walnut, and 

 perhaps the. extra buds sim- 

 FiG. 36. ply perish in the struggle for pig. 37. 



Twig of Japan existcnCC, and exert no per- Leaf -soar of 

 walnut. ^ jM . . ii, J. sumac. 



manent effect upon the tree ; 

 the pupil must find out. He may also examine 

 the Tartarian honeysuckle, honey locust, and other 



ii 



