CHABACTEBS IN WINTEB TWIGS 



41 



of a large reed or grass (arundo). In this case 

 the leaf has not fallen away at a joint, leaving a 

 scar, but has been torn in two by the wind. The 

 point of attachment of the leaf is at the lower 

 end of the sheath (a) . Sometimes the withered 

 leaf-stalk of the dahlia adheres to the stem all 

 winter, but this is because the plant was killed by 

 frost before the leaves had reached 

 full maturity. These old leaf- stalks 

 are easily pulled away, when a dis- 

 tinct scar (as in Fig. 38) is left. 



Fig. 40. 

 Leaf attachment of green-briar. 



Fig. 41. 

 Leaf attachment of cabbage palmetto. 



but the leaves of the reed do not separate so 

 definitely; they are torn away if one pulls them 

 from the plant. There are, then, two unlike 

 methods of casting the foliage, — the clean-cut or 

 articular way, and the non-articular way. 



39. A joint of the common wild smilax or 



