44 mssoifs wiTB plants 



small -fruited hickory, 6 the common white or shag-bark, and c the 

 pignut hickory. Even in such similar plants as the different kinds 

 of bushy willows, there are differences in the leafless twigs. In 

 Fig. 43, a is the heart-leaved willow, with long, cylindrical and 

 pointed buds ; 6 is one form of another ( upland) willow, with flat 

 and light brown buds ; c is a form of the same, with narrower 

 and more appressed, fuzzy buds and less prominent leaf-scars ; d 

 and c are two forms of the common glaucous willow, the former 

 having flat buds and the latter smaller and rounder buds. (The 

 twigs in Fig. 42 are : a, Hicoria mierocarpa ; ft, Hieoria ovata, or 

 Carya alba ; v, Hicoria glabra, or Carya porcina. The specimens in 

 Pig. 43 are : a, Salix cordata, staminate ; ft, Salix rostrata, stami- 

 nate ; c, Salix rostrata, pistillate ; d, Salix discolor, staminate ; e, 

 Salix discolor, pistillate.) 



IX. THE OPENING OF THE BUDS 



41. We are curious to know how the buds of 

 the apple twigs (Figs. 1, 3 and 4) open in the 

 spring, and how the young growths start out. 

 Let us look at the trees, and see. Fig. 44 is 

 from the same Siberian crab-apple tree that Fig. 

 25 is. The pupil will see where the fruit was 

 borne last year. He will see at a glance that 

 the present opening buds are the leaf-buds which 

 were formed on the side of the spur last year. 

 The little dry scales which covered the buds in 

 the winter have been pushed aside, and a new 

 shoot is coming forth. The leaves are many. 

 In a few days we shall be able to count them. 

 Already nine of them are visible on the upper spur. 



