BEINFOBOED FLOWERS 153 



series of green ealyx-like parts at c and d. There 

 is no precedent for calling these last a part of 

 the calyx; moreover, they seem to grade oflE into 

 bracts and normal leaves. They (c and d) really 

 are bracts or reduced leaves. Let the pupil 

 examine the flower of the strawberry, and answer 

 what is calyx and what is bract; or he may look 

 at the "hull" of this ripe strawberry. It is often 

 difficult to determine where leaves end and where 

 flowers begin. 



172. We saw the hepatica in Fig. 131, and 

 probably counted a row of petals and a row of 

 sepals. Now and then we come upon a flower 

 like that in Fig. 153, in which this supposed calyx 

 is distinctly separated from the rest of the flower. 

 We are suspicious that this may not be a calyx 

 after all. We then examine the near relatives of 

 the hepatica — like the anemones, or wind-flowers — 

 and find that they have only one series of floral 

 envelopes, and some of them have three distinct 

 bracts or leaves upon the stem. Furthermore, 

 these supposed sepals are only three, while the 

 supposed petals are five or more. This also raises 

 a doubt as to whether both series are parts of 

 the flower, for the calyx and corolla are usually 

 of the same number of parts, or one a multiple of 

 the other. We must conclude, therefore, that these 

 three leaves are only bracts, not sepals. 



