FOB MS OF THJ!) PFRIANTE 



allied to the lilies because it is on 

 the plan of three, and we should 

 not, therefore, expect a distinct 

 calyx and corolla. If one of the 

 petal-like bodies is torn away, it 

 is seen that the part a comes 

 with it and is an integral part 

 of it. This structure, a, is really 

 an outgrowth of the perianth, and 

 is known as a crown. The nar- 

 cissus is, therefore, six-sepaled, as 

 the lily is. The flower arises from 

 a dry, papery spathe (compare the 

 irises or blue flags, crocuses, gla- 

 diolus, and the like). It is seen, 

 therefore, how we trace kinships 

 in plants, — by means of similar- 

 ities of origin and resemblances in 

 structure rather than in looks. 



Raceme of lily-of- 

 the-valley. 



Suggestions. — The pupil has found that the shapes of leaves 

 are designated \iy comparing them with some plane geometrical 

 figure. Forms of perianths are designated chiefly by compari- 

 son with various receptacles or spherical geometrical figures (211), 

 as cups, salvers, trumpets, bells, saucers, urns. Let the pupil 

 select a flower which he may consider to be typical of any form, 

 and then compare similar flowers with it in regard to form and size. 

 He will soon find that probably no two flowers, as well as no 

 two leaves, are exactly alike. It is excellent practice to make 

 lists of the plants which one commonly meets, with reference to 

 the make-up of the perianth. The pupil should observe whether 



