216 LESSONS WITS PLANTS 



below, cohering at the top, and are cast off in 

 one piece by the expanding stamens, 2. The flower, 

 therefore, is said to be calyptrate, or hooded. 

 This is the "shedding of the caps" of which grape- 

 growers speak. At blooming time, these flattened 

 star-like caps may be seen upon the ground. 

 The fully expanded flower is seen at 3 ; it is 

 naked, and might be mistaken for a true achla- 

 mydeous flower. 



249. In most of the flowers which we have 

 studied, the stamens are alternate with the petals 

 when they are of the same number ; and this is 

 the prevalent arrangement (an exception in Fig. 

 146) . In the grape, however, the stamens are op- 

 posite the petals (2) ; and it is no doubt for this 

 reason that they are able to raise the cap. Alter- 

 nating with these stamens are five glands, or 

 slight elevations, well shown in 2 and 3. These 

 may be supposed, therefore, to represent stamens, 

 since they occupy the position of stamens. This 

 suggests that when stamens are opposite the petals 

 or the lobes of the corolla, the pupil should look 

 for other or rudimentary bodies which may be 

 considered to represent missing stamens. 



249a. A gland is a secreting body, as one wliich secretes nec- 

 tar or iioney, as these glands of the grape do; but the word is 

 also applied to various small or supposedly rudimentary bodies 

 which may not secrete. 



