THE DBUPE 255 



strawberry does not become a " nubbin " ; or watch the effect of frost 

 when the plants are in flower. The pupil will be interested in 

 Fig. 241, which shows a cluster of blackberries which was nipped 

 by frost when in flower. Most of the pistils were killed (for pis- 

 tils are very susceptible to. frost), but two of them, N N, developed 

 fruits. Perhaps "nubbin" strawberries, blackberries and raspberries 

 can be produced also by withholding pollen from some of the pistils. 

 It is not unusual, to find curious monstrosities of the strawberry. 

 Fig. 242 is one, showing a cluster of leaves springing from the apex, 

 thus suggesting the stem character of the strawberry fruit. The 

 berry is cut in two lengthwise. 



XL VIII. THE DRUPE 



297. A raspberry is shown in 

 Fig. 243. Each of the little 

 fleshy parts in the berry is found 

 to contain a seed, and each one 

 bears the remains of a style. 

 Each one,' therefore, must be a 

 simple pistil. The parts are in- 

 dehiscent, and they differ from 

 an akene chiefly in the fact that 

 the outer part is fleshy, rather 

 than dry and thin. Such fleshy 

 little akene-like fruits are called fig. 24i. 



drupelets. ''™'*"3rTet..""''" 



298. The edible part of the 



raspberry, then, is homologous with the akenes 

 of the strawberry; and the core, s, which remains 



