396 zsssojrs wits plants 



ing, graceful, bold, and the like. A pear orchard of several varie- 

 ties is a capital place in which to study differences in aspects of 

 trees. Japanese plums, now considerably cultivated, show marked 

 differences. (The varieties illustrated in Fig. 414 are: 1, Burbank ; 

 2, Wiekson; 3, Georgesou ; 4, Hale; 5, Abundance; 6, Bed June.) 

 In connection with these observations, the pupil may take up the 

 studies suggested in Obs. viii. Suggest to the pupil that he observe 

 the row of shade trees nearest to his home, noting : the compara- 

 tive vigor or rate of growth of the various trees ; the general 

 outline of the tops ; the general mode of branching ; the char- 

 acter of the twig-growth or spray ; and in the summer, whether 

 the trees are equally leafy, and whether the leaves come out and 

 drop at the same time in all of them. 



LXXVII. HOW SOME PLANTS GET UP IN 

 THE WORLD 



500. The hop reaches light and air by coiling 

 around some support (Fig. 415). If the pupil 

 has access to a hop -field (hops often grow on old 

 fences) or to the Japanese hop of gardens, let 

 him observe the direction in which the stems 

 twine. He will find the tips coiling from his right 

 to his left, or in the direction of the movement 

 of the sun. 



501. The morning-glory (Fig. 416) twines in the 

 opposite direction, — from the observer's left to 

 right. Fig. 417 is a morning-glory shoot which 

 was taken from its support, and the free end, — 

 above the string, — coiled about the stake in the 



