MAKING SURROUNDINGS ATTRACTIVE 239 



largest variety of birds: elder, raspberry and blackberry, 

 mulberry, dogwood, sumach, wild cherry, blueberry, wild 

 grape, pokeberry, Virginia creeper, bayberry, juniper, 

 service berry, holly, strawberry, viburnum, hackberry, 

 huckleberry, haw, spice bush, rose, sarsaparilla, sour gum, 

 gooseberry, currants, snow-berry. As supplementary are 

 given: manzanita, barberry, buffalo berry, silver berry, 

 buckthorn, mountain ash, China berry, California Christmas 

 berry, pepper tree, magnolia, nockaway, lote bush, and 

 bluewood. The practice is very well known of planting 

 fruits which birds prefer to keep them from eating fruits 

 of commercial value. The white or the Russian mulberry 

 are most in use for this purpose. 



Various annuals are also of value. Note has already 

 been made of planting patches of small grain which is left 

 to stand for gallinaceous birds to feed upon, and will an- 

 swer for smaller birds as well, and the mourning dove. 

 Kinds most used are buckwheat, millet, and wheat. Sun- 

 flowers are also planted a good deal, as by Wallace Evans. 



Gilbert H. Traf ton, in his book on " Methods of Attracting 

 Birds," has compiled a table of over thirty kinds of food- 

 bearing trees, shrubs, and plants, in cross-reference columns, 

 showing, from various authorities, what species of birds feed 

 upon the fruits mentioned. He notes that the best all- 

 round fruit is the mulberry, either white or Russian. This 

 corresponds with my own experience, for birds in considerable 

 numbers constantly resort, nearly all summer, to a white 

 mulberry tree in my yard, which, nevertheless, bears far 

 more fruit than they can consume. He quotes E. H. For- 

 bush as preferring the Charles Downing mulberry, and G. 

 T. Powell as finding that a row of Governor Wood cherry 

 trees along one side of his orchard so monopolized the at- 

 tention of birds that they left the other fruit alone. Prof. 



