LEGUMINOS^ 397 



It is impossible, at the interval of over half a century, to verify 

 or refute the accuracy of Mr Swale's statements, but hive-bees were 

 introduced into the country in 1839 and 1840, and probably earlier, 

 and they were certainly very abundant in many parts of the South 

 Island early in the fifties. I am not aware, either, of any other ob- 

 server who has recorded the fertilisation of flowers in New Zealand 

 by grasshoppers. 



This statement about lupines seeding is re-quoted by Herman 

 Miiller in The Fertilisation of Flowers, and by Henslow in The Origin 

 of Floral Structures. 



My wife informed me that long before humble-bees were intro- 

 duced into the country, garden lupines used to seed freely in the 

 Taieri district near Dunedin. 



Guppy quotes the following from Darwin {More Letters of Charles 

 Darwin, i, p. 436), regarding the distribution of clover seed: "Out 

 of a number of seeds left in the stomach of an eagle for eighteen 

 hours, the majority were killed ; but amongst the few that germinated 

 afterwards was a seed of clover (Trifolium)." 



In Europe, Trifolium pratense is visited by Bombus terrestris, 

 B. hortorum, B. lapidarius and B. ruderatus, the short-trunked humble- 

 bees perforating the tubes of the flowers, and stealing the nectar ; after 

 which the flowers are visited by hive-bees which suck the remaining 

 nectar through the holes made by the humble-bees. 



Dr Cockayne has recently pointed out that red clover and cow- 

 grass (the perennial form of T. pratense) vary to an astonishing extent. 

 Many of the forms are most distinct, and the new characters are 

 diverse, aff^ecting colour of flowers, stems, and foliage, form of in- 

 florescence, degree and kind of hairiness, and general habit. 



Trifolium medium, Linn. Meadow Clover; Zigzag Clover 



First recorded in 1870 by Kirk from the Auckland district; then 



from Wellington in 1877. In the Manual (1906) it is reported as 



not uncommon in pastures and meadows in both islands. (Fl., Dec. 



to Feb.) 



Trifolium scabrum, Linn. Rough Clover 



Reported as abundant on the beach at Devonport, Auckland, in 

 1880, by Cheeseman. In the Manual (1906) it is reported as occurring 

 locally in the North Island in pastures and waste places. (Fl., Nov. 

 to Jan.) 



Trifolium glpmeratum, Linn. Clustered Clover 



First recorded in 1870 from the Auckland district by Kirk, then 

 from Wellington in 1877. Cheeseman reports it (1906) as plentiful 

 in pastures and waste places in both islands. (Fl., Nov. to Dec.) 



