436 DICOTYLEDONS AND CONIFERS 



Tolpis umbellata, Bertol. 



Cheeseman states that this species was first observed in 1868, and 

 that in 1882 it was in abundance between Penrose and Panmure in 

 the Auckland district, but was not observed elsewhere. In 1910 he 

 records it as occurring in " sandy soil near Helensville, Kaipara, and 

 apparently increasing." 



Cichorium Intybus, Linn. Chicory 



First recorded by Hooker in 1864. Again in 1877 from Wellington 

 by Kirk. In the Manual (1906) it is said to occur in waste places and 

 on roadsides. It is by no means uncommon, but frequently dies out 

 of districts, as e.g. near Balclutha, where it used to be cultivated, 

 but is now rare; and near Dunedin. In 1909 the Agricultural Depart- 

 ment reported it as increasing very much and likely to become a 

 troublesome weed. The seed is a frequent impurity in clover seed 

 (red clover and cow grass). 



It flowers from Jan. to March. In Europe it is fertilised by Apis 

 mellifica and Eristalis tenax. 



Cichorium endivium, Willd. 



Kirk recorded this species as occurring on a ballast heap in Wel- 

 lington in 1895. It does not seem to have spread or re-appeared. 



Hypochceris glabra, Linn. Smooth Cat's-ear 



First recorded by Kirk in plants of Great Barrier Island in 1867, 

 and from Wellington where it was common in 1877. Throughout the 

 Auckland district in 1882, but not plentiful. In the Manual (1906) 

 Cheeseman states that it is abundant in fields, etc., throughout New 

 Zealand. (Fl., Jan. to March.) 



Hypochceris radicata, Linn. Cat's-ear ; 

 Cape-weed of South Island settlers 



First recorded in Hooker's list in 1864. This is one of the 

 most widely spread and abundant weeds in all New Zealand; some 

 authorities think it the most abundant. Yet it disappears before 

 sheep, and in this respect is much more easily disposed of than many 

 other introduced plants. Hilgendorf states that even on the longest 

 and most sunshiny days of the year the flowers are open from 8.30 a.m. 

 to 3.30 p.m. (FL, Nov. to June.) 



In Europe the flowers are fertilised by Apis mellifica, Bombus 

 lapidarius and Eristalis tenax. 



