126 THE OCEAN WORLD. 
side of the pinne. They are found in deep water all around 
our coasts. The cells, which are the abode of the polyps are not 
always alike in their distribution. Sometimes they are ranged on 
.. two sides, sometimes on one only. Sometimes they are grouped 
like the small tubes of an organ, at other times they assume a spiral 
form round the stem, or they form here and there horizontal rings 
round it.” 
The Campanularine differ considerably from the above, and 
form a second family of this order, the ends of their branches, whence 
the polyps issue, being enlarged into a bell-like shape, whence their 
name. Laomedea dichotoma is at once the most delicate and most 
elegant of the species. It presents a brownish stem, thin as a thread 
of silk, but strong and elastic. The polyps are numerous: upon a 
tree eight or nine inches high there may be as many hundreds. 
Campanularia volubilis is a minute microscopical species, living 
parasitically on corallines, seaweed, and shelled animals. The stem 
is a fine corneous tube, which creeps and twists itself upon its support, 
throwing out at alternate intervals a long slender stalk, twisted through- 
out or only partially, which supports a bell-shaped cup of perfect trans- 
parency, and prettily serrated round the brim. Dr. Johnston found 
the antennze of a crab so profusely infested with them as to resemble 
hairy brushes. It is furnished, according to Hassall, with a delicate 
joint or hinge at the base of each little cup—a contrivance designed, 
it is imagined, to enable the frail zoophyte the better to elude the 
rude contact of the element in which it lives, by allowing it to bend to 
a force which it cannot resist. 
The Campanularine increase by budding, the buds being found in 
much the same manner as in the Hydra. They form at first but a 
simple excrescence, which, in due time, takes the form of the branch 
from which it proceeds. These buds have their origin at certain 
distances, and form a new series of polyps. 
CALYCOPHORIDA. 
This order consists of free oceanic forms, provided with swimming 
bells or nectocalyces. 
In the family of Diphydz but two natatory vesicles are connected 
with the stem, as in Praya diphyes, Fig. 42. This species is widely 
diffused in the sea which bathes the Nicean coast, but it is very 
difficult to procure perfect specimens of it. M. Vogt found fragments 
more than three feet long which swam on the surface, and was in its 
state of contraction not more than a finger’s length. This species 
