620 THE OCEAN WORLD. 
above the hook, which suspends the bait and exhibits it more clearly 
to the fish by the motion of the wave. The fishermen, when not 
engaged in hauling, shooting, or baiting the long lines, fish with 
hand-lines, holding one in each hand, each armed with two hooks, 
kept apart by a strong piece of wire. A heavy weight attached to 
the lower end of each line keeps it steady near the ground, where the 
fish principally feed. Enormous quantities of cod, haddock, whiting, 
and coal-fish, with pollack, hake, ling, and torsk, are taken in this 
way all round our coast. Of cod-fish alone 400 to 550 have been 
Fig. 392.—The Whiting (Merlangus vulgaris). 
taken in ten hours by one man, and eight men have taken eighty 
score of cod in one day, fishing off the Doggerbank in five-and-twenty 
fathoms water. Latterly the Norfolk and Lincoln, and even the 
Essex, coasts, have yielded a large supply of fish, which are caught 
as described, and are stowed in well-boats, in which they are car- 
ried to Gravesend, whence they are transhipped into market boats, 
and sent up to Billingsgate by each evening tide ; the store-boats 
not being allowed to come up higher, as the fresh water would kill 
the fish. 
The Haddock (Morrhua eglefinus) is common in our markets ; it 
is much smaller than the cod, but in other respects not unlike it. It 
4 
