GLOSSARY 209 
Branchial: relating to the gills. 
Branchial heart: a lateral heart in the squid, 129. 
Branchiate: bearing gills. 
Branchiostegite: a paired lateral fold of the body-wall in crustaceans, 30. 
Brood-sac: a chamber in which the eggs develop in certain crustaceans ; 
sow-bug, 47; amphipod, 49; Daphnia, 57. 
Bud: an outgrowth of an animal which becomes a new individual; Bugula, 
87; Hydra, 161; hydromedusan, 166, 172, 177. 
Calcareous: formed of carbonate of lime. 
Capsulogenous glands: glands of uncertain function, but which may aid in 
the secretion of the cocoon in the earthworm, 69. 
Carapace: the shell covering a portion or all of the cephalothorax in 
crustaceans; crayfish or lobster, 29; crab, 42; larval decapods, 51. 
Cardo: the basal division of the maxilla in insects, 13. 
Cellulose: the woody cell-wall of plant cells; Molgula, 185; Euglena, 193. 
Cephalothorax: a body-division formed by the fusion of the head and the 
thorax in arthropods; spider, 24; crayfish or lobster, 28; crab, 42; 
larval decapods, 51; copepod, 53. 
Cercus: a paired projection at the posterior end in certain insects, 10. 
Cheliped: the large grasping claw in many crustaceans, 30. 
Chitin: a hard and very resistant substance present in the cuticula of 
arthropods. 
Chloragogue cells: glandular cells surrounding the digestive canal of the 
earthworm, 71. 
Chlorophyll: the green coloring matter of plants, 192. 
Chromatophores: pigment bodies; squid, 123; Hydra, 160. 
Cilia: the numerous vibratory projections on the outer surface of certain 
animals; planarian, 76; Paramecium, 185; Vorticella, 188: and of 
certain organs; Bugula, 86; mussel, 94; clam, 108. 
Cirrus: a filamentous, sensory appendage of annelids, 62, 63: a protrusile, 
copulatory organ of flatworms, 77. 
Clitellum: a thickened glandular region on the earthworm which secretes 
the cocoon, 68. 
Cloaca: a tubular or sac-like space which receives the discharge of various 
organs; planarian, 77; tapeworm, 83 ; mussel, 92; clam, 106; snail, 121. 
Clypeus: a median sclerite in the face of insects just back of the upper 
lip, 12. 
Cnidoblast: a stinging cell in Cnidaria which contains the nematocyst:. 
Hydra, 161; tubularian, 165; campanularian, 171. 
