TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 



X. EMBRYOLOGY. 



Protozoa and Metazoa — Methods of reproduction — Radical differ- 

 ences in the embryos of animals— Embryology applied to man's 

 ancestors — Resemblances in embryos largely superficial — Embry- 

 ology cannot confirm the theory of evolution — Gill-arches of the 

 lizard 141-152 



XI. SPECIAL OBJECTIONS TO THE THEORY OP EVOLU- 

 TION. 



Evolution must account for the existence of all organs — Difficulty of 

 accounting for the various electric organs of fishes — Difficulty as 

 to wings — Feathers and legs— Great difference between fins and 

 legs — As to the evolution of Pterodactyls — The evolution of 

 Birds presents special difficulties — Improbability of the evolu- 

 tion, independently, of homologous structures — Correlation of 

 growth as a factor in evolution — Inheritance of acquired char- 

 acters as a factor — Evolution of eyes — Numerous kinds and posi- 

 tions of eyes and eye-spots — If eyes were evolved, then numerous 

 independent evolutions of them — Romane's theory as to evolu- 

 tion of eyes — Various locations of eyes and eye-spots — The evolu- 

 tion of ears presents difficulties — The breathing apparatus of 

 various kinds — The different kinds required separate evolutions 

 — Webs of spiders and stings of insects — Poison glands of snakes 

 and fangs. ....... 153-181 



XII. RUDIMENTARY ORGANS. 



Questions concerning them — Darwin's views as to their origin — Seem 

 ing impossibility of evolving milk glands — Assumption that 

 many mammae have entirely disappeared — Darwin's views — 

 Origin of the sexual organs — Spurs of birds useless as rudiments 

 — Rudimentary teeth — Rudimentary legs of some snakes. 182-194 



XIII. SECONDARY SEXUAL DIFFERENCES. 



Some of the differences between the sexes — Sexual selection and the 

 law of battle — The horns of deer — Horns of Chameleon Owenii — 

 Sexual selection could not take notice of rudiments — Sexual selec- 

 tion and evolution of colors of birds — Colors of fishes. . 195-203 



XIV. INSTINCT. 



Instincts of the honey bees — Cells and eggs — Queens— their instincts — 

 Instincts of the workers — Workers cannot improve their instincts 

 by inheritance — Instincts which could not have been acquired by 

 inheritance — Darwin's explanation of such instincts — Instinct of 

 birds to incubate their eggs, and structure of egg — Instinct of the 

 Surinam Toad and adaptive structure — Instincts of certain fishes 



